英:/ˈʃɪvər/ 美:/ˈʃɪvər/
颤抖
过去式:shivered 过去分词:shivered 现在分词:shivering 第三人称单数:shivers 复数:shivers
CET4,CET6,考研
v. 颤抖,哆嗦;打碎
n. 颤抖,哆嗦;(因恐惧产生的)寒颤;碎片
n. (Shiver) (美、斯)希弗(人名)
He is shivering with cold.
他冷得发抖。
She began to shiver when the dog approached her.
随着狗的靠近,她开始颤抖起来。
I was accidentally hurt by shivers on the floor when I passed the living room.
我经过客厅时不小心被地上的碎片弄伤了。
He can't stop shivering in the cold wind.
他在寒风中不停颤抖
A violent shiver convulsed him.
剧烈的颤抖使他抽搐不已。
A chill shiver rippled over his skin.
一阵寒颤传遍了他全身。
A cold shiver ran down her spine.
她打了一个寒颤。
A sudden gust of cold wind made me shiver.
一股突然刮来的冷风吹得我打哆嗦。
I accept, with a tiny shiver of excitement, a lightness I haven't felt much recently.
我接受了,有一点点激动的颤抖,这是我近期很少感受到的轻松。
n.|chip/debris;颤抖,战栗;碎片
vi.|quake/judder;颤抖;哆嗦;打碎
vt.|quaver/to break up;颤抖;打碎
"shiver" 是英语中描述生理反应和物体状态的常用动词,其核心含义包含以下三个层次:
生理性颤抖
指因寒冷、恐惧或强烈情绪引发的身体不自主抖动,常见伴随鸡皮疙瘩。剑桥词典指出该用法最早可追溯至14世纪,与体温调节机制相关。例如:"The icy wind made her shiver uncontrollably(刺骨寒风令她不住颤抖)"。
物体轻微震动
用于描述玻璃、树叶等脆弱物体高频颤动。牛津英语词典收录此释义源于16世纪造船术语,特指船帆在风中抖动现象。如:"Aspen leaves shiver in the slightest breeze(白杨树叶在微风中簌簌作响)"。
文学隐喻延伸
在诗歌创作中常象征脆弱性或不稳定状态。柯林斯词典引用了雪莱诗句"The broken lute strings shiver like wounded nerves(断裂的琴弦颤抖如受伤的神经)"体现这种修辞手法。
词源方面,该词源自古英语"ceafl"(颚骨)演变,中古时期衍生出表达牙齿打颤的"chiveren",现代拼写定型于18世纪。在医学文献中,病理性shivering被归类为非随意肌收缩现象,与体温过低的代偿反应直接相关。
shiver(发音:英式/ˈʃɪvə(r)/,美式/ˈʃɪvər/)既是动词(及物或不及物),也是名词,主要含义分为两类:
She shivered in the icy wind.(她在寒风中颤抖。)
The thought of ghosts made him shiver.(想到鬼魂,他打了个寒颤。)
A thrill of excitement shivered through her.(一阵兴奋的颤栗传遍她全身。)
He shivered the mirror with a hammer.(他用锤子敲碎了镜子。)
颤抖的动作或状态:
A shiver ran down her spine.(她嵴背一阵发凉。)
The cold gave him the shivers.(寒冷让他浑身发抖。)
碎片(较少用):
He cut his foot on a shiver of glass.(他的脚被一片玻璃碎片划伤。)
| 词汇 | 核心差异 | 例句参考 |
|---|---|---|
| tremble | 侧重无法控制的持续颤抖(如恐惧、虚弱) | Her hands trembled with age. |
| quake | 强调剧烈震动(如地震或极度恐惧) | The ground quaked violently. |
| quiver | 描述轻微、快速的颤动(如树叶、声音) | Aspen leaves quivered in the breeze. |
| shudder | 指强烈的全身战栗(如厌恶或震惊) | She shuddered at the gruesome scene. |
生理反应类:
物体碎裂类:
文化隐喻:
The ship’s timbers were shivered by cannon fire.(船骨被炮火击碎。)
shiver 是一个兼具生理与物理含义的多功能词汇,既可描绘人体对寒冷或情绪的本能反应(如“冷得发抖”),也可描述物体的破碎状态(如“玻璃碎片”)。其与近义词(tremble、quake等)的细微差异需结合动作强度、原因及语境综合判断。在文学和日常表达中,灵活运用该词能增强描述的生动性与精确性。
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